What indicates an ineffective AV fistula?

An ineffective arteriovenous (AV) fistula is primarily indicated by low or absent blood flow. An AV fistula is a surgically created connection between an artery and a vein, commonly used in hemodialysis for efficient blood access. The effectiveness of this access point is crucial for the removal of blood, allowing it to be filtered by the dialysis machine and then returned to the patient.

When blood flow is low or absent, it signifies that the fistula is not functioning properly. This can occur due to various reasons, such as thrombosis (clotting), stenosis (narrowing), or any additional complications that may obstruct the blood flow through the fistula. Maintaining adequate blood flow is essential, as it ensures sufficient volume is available for dialysis, directly impacting treatment efficacy.

Other factors, such as high blood pressure, pain, or discomfort, while they may relate to dialysis treatment, do not directly indicate the functional status of an AV fistula in the same way that blood flow does. Thus, assessing blood flow is the key indicator when determining the effectiveness of an AV fistula for dialysis.