What is a major risk factor for developing end-stage renal disease?

Diabetes is recognized as a major risk factor for developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) because it can lead to diabetic nephropathy, a condition where chronic high blood sugar levels cause damage to the kidneys over time. The damage occurs due to the effects of glucose on the blood vessels in the kidneys, which can lead to impaired kidney function and ultimately kidney failure if not managed properly.

In the context of diabetes, persistent hyperglycemia contributes to the progression of kidney damage. It is essential for individuals with diabetes to manage their blood sugar levels effectively and monitor kidney function regularly to mitigate the risk of developing ESRD.

Unmanaged hypertension often associated with diabetes can compound this risk, suggesting that controlling blood pressure is equally important. In contrast, a high protein diet, excessive physical exercise, and low sodium intake do not have the same direct impact on kidney function as diabetes does. While dietary choices and physical activity can influence overall health and well-being, they are not primary risk factors for the development of ESRD in the same way that diabetes is.