What vital sign changes might indicate an adverse reaction to hemodialysis?

Significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate during hemodialysis can indicate an adverse reaction and are critical signs for monitoring patient stability. During dialysis, patients may experience shifts in fluid balance and electrolyte levels, which can lead to hypotension (low blood pressure) or hypertension (high blood pressure). Additionally, heart rate changes can suggest cardiovascular stress or complications due to fluid removal or other factors.

Blood pressure and heart rate are essential vital signs that reflect cardiovascular health and the body's response to the treatment. For instance, a drastic drop in blood pressure may lead to symptoms like dizziness or fainting and could signify hypovolemia or over-dialysis. Similarly, tachycardia (increased heart rate) can occur due to compensatory mechanisms in response to decreased blood pressure or fluid shifts.

The other options do not consistently indicate the same level of risk. A decrease in body temperature can happen for various reasons during dialysis but is not as directly related to immediate adverse reactions as fluctuations in blood pressure or heart rate. Stable oxygen saturation levels typically suggest effective oxygenation and do not suggest an adverse reaction. Lastly, a rapid increase in respiratory rate can occur for multiple reasons, but without accompanying changes in blood pressure or heart rate, it may not necessarily